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Guttural R
In linguistics, guttural R (sometimes called French R) refers to pronunciation of a rhotic consonant as a guttural consonant. These consonants are usually uvular. Speakers of languages with "French R" typically regard the guttural and alveolar to be alternative pronunciations of the same phoneme, despite the articulatory differences. A similar consonant is found in other parts of the world, but in most other places it has little or no cultural association nor interchangeability with rhotics (alveolar trill, alveolar flap, or alveolar approximant).
The guttural rhotic is the usual form of the rhotic consonant in most of what is now France, French-speaking Belgium, Germany, Denmark and the southernmost parts of Sweden and Norway, and is frequent in the Netherlands, Dutch-speaking Belgium and Switzerland. It also occurs as the normal pronunciation of one of two rhotic phonemes (usually replacing an older alveolar trill) in most of Portugal, all of Brazil, among minorities of other Portuguese-speaking regions, and in parts of Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Dominican Republic (Spanish further also seems to be allowing the trill > fricative sound change that is now generalized in Portuguese, albeit in the coronal area, in the Andes).〔(Palatal phenomena in Spanish phonology ) Pages 185 and 186.〕
==Romance languages==
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